"Signs of a Reading Problem" by Marie Rippel of All About Learning Press

Please note: Because the following article contains such helpful information, I have chosen to post it here. The author, Marie Rippel, is the developer of the All About Spelling and All About Reading programs, which are also based on the same structured literacy/science of reading principles upon which Barton Reading and Spelling are based.

What Are the Signs of Reading Problems?
A child with a reading problem may display some of the issues listed below.

• Sounds out every word on the page, even if he has already read them.
• Doesn’t know the sounds of the letters.
• Oral reading is choppy rather than fluent and smooth.
• Reads words in the wrong order.
• May recognize a word on one page, but not on the next page.
• Substitutes similar-looking words, such as house for horse.
• Guesses at words instead of sounding them out.
• Lacks the skill to sound out unfamiliar words.
• Ignores punctuation when reading.
• Loses place on the page, skips lines, or rereads lines.
• Inserts extra letters in a word when reading. For example, may read tail as trail. The misread word often has the same beginning and ending letter.
• Makes up part of the story based on the illustrations or context clues instead of reading the actual words on the page.
• Substitutes words with similar meanings when reading stories. For example, may read said instead of shouted.
• Skips small words such as a, the, to, of, were, and from.
• Displays poor reading comprehension.
• Has a difficult time reading single words on a flashcard.
• Resists reading. It’s a natural tendency for children to avoid what they aren’t skilled at.

What Causes Reading Problems?
If you recognize your child in any of the signs listed above, don’t despair! Reading problems can stem from a number of different causes, and most of these can be overcome.
Kids with auditory processing disorder often have problems learning to read. Though a child with APD faces many academic challenges, you can help him learn to read. All About Reading uses an instructional approach that is exactly what a child with APD needs!
Dyslexia is a common reading and spelling disability. Approximately 10% of students are affected by dyslexia. Symptoms vary from person to person. If you suspect dyslexia, download our Symptoms of Dyslexia checklist.
Vision problems can cause reading issues. Work with your pediatric ophthalmologist to rule out vision problems such as far-sightedness or convergence insufficiency disorder.
Other causes of reading problems include autism and poor working memory. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can also cause reading problems because it is difficult for the child to stay focused on the task at hand.

Is It Possible that My Child Doesn’t Have a Reading Problem?
Yes, it is! Sometimes a child is labeled with a reading problem, but the real issue is that he hasn’t been taught in the way he can learn. We can’t expect a child to read if he has gaps in his reading instruction or limited experience. While some kids seem to naturally pick up reading with very little instruction, for many kids, reading success requires direct systematic instruction such as that found in All About Reading.
Other times, too much is expected from very young children. Some children just aren’t ready to read yet, and in those cases, it’s helpful to do pre-reading activities to prepare them, such as those found in our Pre-reading program.
Learning to read takes time—and in many cases, repetition and review—before a child begins to experience success. A child might need to see a word 30 times before he can automatically recognize it by sight. If your child hasn’t met a word that many times yet, don’t be alarmed if he needs to sound it out. 
Learning to read can be hard work for kids. If your child has a low frustration tolerance, it can appear that he may have a reading problem even if he doesn’t.